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Question #1

Questions 1.) Figure 1 roughly describes variations of Q-values with rock types. Use this figure to provide an explanation of the high attenuation of seismic waves generally observed in the weathering zone (near-surface zone).

2.) If the measurement a sand-shale sequences shows 20% P-wave anisotropy and 30% S-wave anisotropy, estimate the ratios C₃₃/C₁₁ and C₄₄/C₆₆.

Question #2

Questions Calculate V_P, V_S, and density ρ of a water-saturated Berea sandstone and of a water-saturated teapot sandstone:

where SS indicates sandstone.

Question #3

Questions Here is the stiffness tensor of a Pierre shale formation (near Limon, Colorado):

C_ijkl = (C₁₁ - 2 C₆₆)δ_ijδ_kl + C₆₆δ_ikδ _jl + δ _il δ _jk)
+ (C₁₁ + C₃₃ - 2 C₁₃ - 4 C₄₄) δ _i3δ _j3 δ_k3 δ _l3
+ (C₁₃ - C₁₁ + 2 C₆₆) (δ…

Question #4

Questions Derive the equations for the traveltime curves for the converted waves PSPS, PPSS, and PPSS (see Figure 3-51).

Question #5

Questions (i) Find the expressions for traveltimes of multiply reflected waves for the source and the receiver on the top surface (see Figure 3-52).
(ii) What happens when the dip angle is integral fraction of π?
(iii) When it is an irrational fraction of π?

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